﷽
The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters plus the hamza (ء), which is not counted as a letter but plays an important role in spelling.
| ص | ش | س | ز | ر | ذ | د | خ | ح | ج | ث | ت | ب | ا |
| ṣ | sh | s | z | r | dh | d | kh | ḥ | j | th | t | b | ā |
| ي | و | ه | ن | م | ل | ك | ق | ف | غ | ع | ظ | ط | ض |
| y | w | h | n | m | l | k | q | f | gh | ʿ | ẓ | ṭ | ḍ |
Classical Arabic 